The technique of management, in its human relationships, can be best described as the technique of handling or managing people, which should be based… - James D. Mooney

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The technique of management, in its human relationships, can be best described as the technique of handling or managing people, which should be based on a deep and enlightened human understanding. The technique of organization may be described as that of relating specific duties or functions in a completely coordinated scheme. This statement of the difference between managing and organizing clearly shows their intimate relationship. It also shows, which is our present purpose, that the technique of organizing is inferior, in logical order, to that of management. It is true that a sound organizer may, because of temperamental failings, be a poor manager, but on the other hand it is inconceivable that a poor organizer may ever make a good manager... The prime necessity in all organization is harmonious relationships based on integrated interests, and, to this end, the first essential is an integrated and harmonious relationship in the duties, considered in themselves.

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About James D. Mooney

James David Mooney (18 February 1884 – 21 September 1957) was an American engineer and corporate executive at who played a role in international affairs in the 1930s and early 1940s. His career was disrupted when he was accused of Nazi sympathies in 1940. He is noted for his seminal contributions to the field of organizational theory.

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Alternative Names: James David Mooney
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Cross-functionalism, however, cannot eliminate departmental organization; on the contrary the organized supervision of any function of this character becomes itself departmental. Thus out of cross-functionalism must grow cross-departmentalism. Cross-departmentalism is an extended application of the principle of horizontal correlation.

The fact that functions may not be separated in organization does not in any way way destroy their identity as functions... The ideal of organized efficiency is not the complete segregation but the integrated correlation |of the three primary functions... The organizer must identify these functional principles, as they appear in every job, and make them the basis of his correlation... his duty is to correlate functions as such... The duty of the manager is to correlate who performs these functions... Management however represents the scalar principle... perpendicular correlations... true horizontal correlation requires other contact... The dissemination of understanding... of common purpose, of the relation of individuals to that purpose & to each other.

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As coordination is the all-inclusive principle of organization, it must have its own principle and foundation in Authority, or the supreme coordinating power. Always, in every form of organization, this supreme coordinating authority must rest somewhere, else there would be no directive for any truly coordinated effort. The term authority as here used need imply nothing of autocracy.

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