Science is not a monolithic body of doctrine. Science is a culture, constantly growing and changing. The science of today has broken out of the molds… - Freeman Dyson

It is characteristic of all deep human problems that they are not to be approached without some humor and some bewilderment.

In the history of science it happens not infrequently that a reductionist approach leads to a spectacular success. Frequently the understanding of a complicated system as a whole is impossible without an understanding of its component parts. And sometimes the understanding of a whole field of science is suddenly advanced by the discover of a single basic equation. Thus it happened that the Schrodinger equation in 1926 and the Dirac equation in 1927 brought a miraculous order into the previously mysterious processes of atomic physics. The equations of Erwin Schrodinger and Paul Dirac were triumphs of reductionism. Bewildering complexities of chemistry and physics were reduced to two lines of algebraic symbols. These triumphs were in Oppenheimer's mind when he belittled his own discovery of black holes. Compared with the abstract beauty and simplicity of the Dirac equation, the black hole solution seemed to him ugly, complicated, and lacking in fundamental significance.

For Galison the process of scientific discovery is driven by new tools, for Kuhn by new concepts. Both pictures are
true and neither is complete. The progress of science requires both new concepts and new tools.