This change ... is strongly suggestive of the dispersal of inhabitants, if not depopulation, of the Hakra flood plain during the Late Harappan. ... I… - Mohammed Rafique Mughal

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This change ... is strongly suggestive of the dispersal of inhabitants, if not depopulation, of the Hakra flood plain during the Late Harappan. ... It seems almost certain that changing environmental conditions were profoundly affecting the long-established cultural pattern in Cholistan.

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About Mohammed Rafique Mughal

Muhammad Rafiq Mughal (born 1936) is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated remains of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods, in Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan. He served as a professor of archaeology and heritage management and the director of undergraduate studies at Boston University.

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Additional quotes by Mohammed Rafique Mughal

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that the Hakra flood plain was densely populated between the fourth and the second millennia B.C.... the Ghaggar-Hakra is ‘often identified with the sacred Sarasvatī River of the Vedic Aryans’... ‘certain that in ancient times the Ghaggar-Hakra was a mighty river, flowing independently [of the Indus] along the fringes of the Rann of Kutch’.

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Mughal's broad chronological periods are not specific enough to assist us in definitively situating the Vedic-speaking Aryans as inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is significant, however, that about 80 percent of Mughal's 414 archaeological sites along a three-hundred-mile section of the Hakra were datable to the fourth or third millen- nium B.C.E, suggesting that the river was in its prime during this period.

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