Continuity of hieratic or bardic tradition preserves many old forms and in religious texts antique forms are generally preferred. ... The chief groun… - Kshetresa Chandra Chattopadhyaya

But K. Chattopadhyaya'" has penetratingly corrected Parpola's authorities: King Sudas has been called in the Rgveda Paijavana, Yaska in a Nirukta passage (II.24) '" paijavanalt pijava- nasya putrah, says that Pijavana was the name of Sudas's father. King Divodasa is also mentioned as the ancestor of Sudas. Professors Macdonell and Keith'" incline towards the view that Divodasa was the grandfather of Sudas, and Pijavana his father. Their reasons for this supposition fail to convince me. R.V. VII. 18.22 mentions Paijavana Sudas as the ruiptr of Devavant: Devavant seems to be used here for Divodasa.!" ruiptub probably means "of the son", for "son" is the usual meaning of the word naptr or napiu in the Rgveda, But even if the later meaning of "grandson" be put on the word, as Sayana has done (devavato riijiio naptub pautrasya) , how will Professors Macdonell and Keith explain the concluding verse of the hymn : imam , , naro marutab sascatanu divodasam, nd pitaram sudasab avis/ana paijavanasya ketam dunasatn ksatram ajdram duvoyu, where Divodasa is explicitly calledthe father , (pita) of Sudas? This passage clearly establishes that Divodasa was the father and not the grandfather of Sudas. As regards Pijavana he may have been the same person as Divodasa as Geldner'" supposes, or may have been some remote ancestor.

The name Varuna is not found outside India. Its equation with Greek Ouranos, though accepted by philologists, must be rejected on account of two differences, the quality of the second vowel and the place of the accent. The second vowel in Varuna is U and it is a in ouranos. The former word is accented on the first syllable and the latter on the final syllable, though accenting it on the syllable third from the end would not have militated against the special law about the place of the accent in the Greek language. Either discrepancy would not have by itself gone against the equation but their combination makes it extremely difficult to connect Varuna and Ouranos .... Varuna appears to be a purely Indo-Aryan word, formed in the same way as karuna, taruna, dharuna, etc.

It is not true that mandalas I (or large portions of it), VIII and particularly X of the Rgveda-Samhita are the only later additions. There are enough indications to show that additions were made even in "the family books", the original nucleus of the Samhita. If we make a careful study of the arrangement of these "family books", ... the fol- lowing scheme seems to have been followed by the original redactors: - 1. the family groups were arranged according to the decreasing number of the hymns in each of these books; 2. within each family group the Agni hymns came first, then the Indra hymns and then the Visvadeva hymns (if there were any) and after them hymns to the other deities in due order; and . 3. within each devatii sub-group, the hymns were ar- ranged according to the diminishing number of stanzas contained in them.