Trade unions, governments, business corporations, political parties, and the like are formal structures in the sense that they represent rationally o… - Philip Selznick

The relations outlined on an organization chart provide a framework within which fuller and more spontaneous human behavior takes place. The formal system may draw upon that behavior for added strength; it will in its turn be subordinated to personal and group egotism.

It has been well said that the effective leader must know the meaning and master the techniques of the educator.

Organisations are technical instruments; designed as means to definite goals... they are expendable. Institutions... may be partly engineered, but they have also a “natural” dimension. They are the products of interaction and adaptation; they become the receptacles of group idealism; they are less readily expendable.