The issue that captured the church was the issue of ensoulment and when it occurred during development. A church council decided to call it at concep… - Michael S. Gazzaniga

The next phase of the work was when Joseph LeDoux and I came up with the idea of the interpreter. Twenty-five years into studying these patients we finally got around to asking the patients, "Why did you do that?" after they had a response with the left hand that was being governed by the separated, silent, speechless right hemisphere. We began to understand that the left hemisphere "made up" a story as to why the patient did what he/she did, and in that moment we began to see the cardinal feature of the left hemisphere: the ability to interpret actions generated outside its realm of conscious awareness.

Symbols lead a double life, with two different complementary modes of description depending on the job they are doing. In one life, symbols are made of physical material (DNA is made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate molecules) that follows Newton’s laws and constrains the building process by its physical structure.

Crawford concludes that Homo sapiens could not have evolved on the savannas but instead were holed up at the beach, gathering along the shoreline.