It is the concept of likelihood that a real understanding of probability resides, and we must learn how to measure it. - Anthony Stafford Beer

Clearly, if it is possible to have a self-regulating system that implicitly arranges its own stability, then this is of the keenest management interest.

According to the science of cybernetics, which deals with the topic of control in every kind of system (mechanical, electronic, biological, human, economic, and so on), there is a natural law that governs the capacity of a control system to work. It says that the control must be capable of generating as much "variety" as the situation to be controlled.

Policy-making, decision-taking, and control: These are the three functions of management that have intellectual content.