the internationalization of economic activity and its major vehicle, the TNC, can be regarded simply as being part of the normal expansive process o… - Peter Dicken

Every production network has spatiality - the particular geographical configuration and extent of its component elements and the links between them.

It serves to remind us that, in trying to explain the globalization of economic activity, we are dealing with the workings of a dynamic capitalist market system, and not just individual agents within it.

More broadly, strategic alliances are more difficult to manage and coordinate than single ventures; the potential for misunderstanding and disagreement, particularly between partners from different cultures, is great. Certainly many such alliances are short lived.