There are no conventional games involving conditions of uncertainty without risk. - Richard Arnold Epstein

Reflecting an amalgam of economics, monetary, and psychological factors, the stock market represents possibly the most subtly intricate game invented by man.

The essence of the phenomenon of gambling is decision making. The act of making a decision consists of selecting one course of action, or strategy, from among the set of admissible strategies.

Generally, a betting system for which each wager depends only on present resources and present probability of success is known as a Markov betting system.