Surveillance cameras and mobile phone jammers had been installed at exam printing presses. - Nouria Benghabrit-Remaoun

Additionally, all electronic devices with internet access - for both students and school staff - have been banned from the country's 2,000 exam halls, with metal detectors set up at their entrances.

However, the 2017 baccalaureate exams started in “excellent conditions” without “any leakage of subjects”.

Upon gaining independence a country always perceives education as an essential tool toward development, and one of the major aims of third world countries is to democratize or open up their education systems.