[T]he backward homeland of my childhood has become the world’s second-largest economy... massive new cities... astonishing technological wonders. Yet... the world is... asking the same questions... comparing China to former Communist... autocratic... repressive regimes.

Before, they were comfortably importing chips. ...Of course Chinese companies would love to import chips. Now they have to turn to domestic substitution, and that's accelerating... making domestic chip companies much more profitable... in many, many different areas.

Coming back to the trade challenges... We're seeing in the data that trade is simply being re-routed... from countries like Vietnam and Mexico, but... the ultimate demand and suppliers for that is... still the U.S. and China. It's... taking a longer route... that's going to increase trade cost, and... some Chinese companies... have also set up factories in Mexico and... Vietnam to... circumvent some of these... trade barriers, but it still has to come ultimately from countries like the U.S. and China.

Collaborative competition is the way we should define the relationship. ...U.S. and Japan had similar... economic... technology competition, and... everybody was better off because Japan pushed the U.S. to do much more. Lots of these... important innovation pushes were because of Japanese competition.

China has made the... quantum leap... from US$380 to US$10,000... over... four decades. The second... is to go from US$10,000 to US$30,000... [M]uch... speed of China’s achievement can be ascribed to catching up. But unqualified success... will be... when... 1.4 billion... reach... high-income status, particularly... in a political environment... antithetical to... Western conventional wisdom. ...[H]alf of the most prosperous people in the world... living under Communist rule—not... predicted... when the Berlin Wall fell.

China has a host of very proficient engineers and... STEM students, so the mastery of is something I'm cautiously optimistic about... One of the key issues apart from China's still very centralized state innovation system, the whole-of-nation system, is the impatience of the nation. ...A country with a people that have seen really remarkable growth, that... want to do things... quickly and... see fast results. ...[T]hat kind of spirit, the short, fast, flat attitude ...originally ...a winning volleyball strategy ...then used to describe winning investment strategies. ...[C]reative breakthroughs ...basic research ...people need to be intrinsically motivated by intellectual passion. That's what is needed to have that long-term knowledge economy. ...[T]he reason that China's business models are so successful is that they're very fast and these companies become successful in a very short period of time.

But... the next generation of leaders... more educated and fluent with diverse cultures, are... equipped to bridge the gap between... worldviews. ... US education has opened their eyes to... virtues of an open... if not a wholly free society. Their desire to question... challenge... pursue the truth, and to push back against injustice will have important implications...

China’s political centralization is paired with economic decentralization. ...The "mayors" are... equity stakeholders of their jurisdiction. ...[M]arriage of local Officials and ...entrepreneurs is how China reformed, industrialized, urbanized, and ...innovates.

China... wants to embrace... trade integration... globalization and more trade and... the pressure is on for more reciprocal... trade protectionist pressures, but... China's also trying to shift its trade... production away from these lower end manufacturing sectors, excess capacity in solar, but that is not necessarily a good signal for the kind of trade tensions that might come about. Also because there's going to be a lot of domestic pressure coming from the Chinese businesses, and the Chinese people to pressure the government to react. So they [the Chinese government] will have to take a stance.

Lots of people talk about the One Road One Belt, but... we lack... communication with the world. This is the main reason behind the one road one belt initiative, for many reasons, including political pressure. Lots of countries need our support, so... from political perspectives there is a real need. ...[T]here is also economic need behind this initiative ...[T]his initiative is about a network [which] has an impact like the internet. If you have more participation in the network, you can have more effect. If you have infrastructure in Kenya but if cannot be connected to Kenya you cannot do more, and often lots of projects in small countries and similar countries which have not enough capacity to [build] their infrastructure... China, with this initiative tries to create a platform with the participation of all other countries... like when the United States helped Europe, the country tried to create a platform with the participation of other countries like... China [is doing now].