Under norms of rationality, organizations seek to smooth out input and output transactions. - James D. Thompson

Under norms of rationality, organizations seek to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes which cannot be buffered or leveled.

When buffering, leveling, and forecasting do not protect their technical cores from environmental fluctuations, organizations under norms of rationality resort to rationing.

The more sectors in which the organization subject to rationality norms is constrained; the more power the organization will seek over remaining sectors of its task environment... many constraints and unable to achieve power in other sectors of its task environment will seek to enlarge the task environment.