Mughal (1993) proposes the following outline: On the Pakistan side, archaeological evidence now overwhelmingly affirms that the Hakra was a perennial… - Mohammed Rafique Mughal
" "Mughal (1993) proposes the following outline: On the Pakistan side, archaeological evidence now overwhelmingly affirms that the Hakra was a perennial river through all its course in Bahawalpur during the fourth millennium . . . and early third millennium B.C. About the middle of the third millennium B.C., the water supply in the Northeastern portion of the Hakra [the Yamuna] was consider- ably diminished or cut off. But, abundant water in the lower (southwestern) part of this stream was still available, apparently through a channel from the Sutlej. . . . About the end of the second, or not later than the beginning of the first millennium B.C., the entire course of the Hakra seems to have dried up. (4)
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About Mohammed Rafique Mughal
Muhammad Rafiq Mughal (born 1936) is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated remains of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods, in Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan. He served as a professor of archaeology and heritage management and the director of undergraduate studies at Boston University.
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Archaeological evidence demonstrates that the Hakra flood plain was densely populated between the fourth and the second millennia B.C.... the Ghaggar-Hakra is ‘often identified with the sacred Sarasvatī River of the Vedic Aryans’... ‘certain that in ancient times the Ghaggar-Hakra was a mighty river, flowing independently [of the Indus] along the fringes of the Rann of Kutch’.
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