Justice is paramount to civilisational triumph because of its centrality to human dignity needs, the success of individual geo-cultural domains and t… - Nayef Al-Rodhan

Addictive drugs misuse the brain’s existing pre-programming, activating reward mechanisms and extreme feelings of pleasure. When stimulated, the brain’s pleasure centres emit signals to repeat the behaviour. In this sense, the brain is pre-programmed to feel good.

Human beings are largely motivated by their emotional repertoire, manifested through their need for attachment, physical security, a sense of belonging and a positive personal and collective identity.

What makes our existence meaningful is highly subjective and ultimately determined by sustainable neurochemical gratification.