Although the major gambling casinos do not maintain statistical records on the results of games of Craps, one event has been recorded-that wherein a … - Richard Arnold Epstein

Treatment of the apparently whimsical fluctuations of the stock quotations as truly non stationary processes requires a model of such complexity that its practical value is likely to be limited. An additional complication, not encompassed by most stock market models, arises from the manifestation of the market as a nonzero sum game.

Generally, a betting system for which each wager depends only on present resources and present probability of success is known as a Markov betting system.

One of the oldest mythological fables tells of Mercury playing at dice with Selene and winning from her the five days of the epact (thus totaling the 365 days of the year and harmonizing the lunar and solar calendars).