«في كل مرة يقدم أحد التقارير العلمية قدرًا من المعلومات فإنه يكون مصحوبًا بهامش للخطأ — وهو تذكرة هادئة، ولكن دءوبة ومثابرة بأنه لا توجد أي معرفة بالغة… - Carl Sagan

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«في كل مرة يقدم أحد التقارير العلمية قدرًا من المعلومات فإنه يكون مصحوبًا بهامش للخطأ — وهو تذكرة هادئة، ولكن دءوبة ومثابرة بأنه لا توجد أي معرفة بالغة الكمال أو منزهة عن الخطأ فهو قياس يُحدد مدى تصديقنا لما نعتقد أننا نعرفه، فإذا كانت هوامش الخطأ صغيرة، ترتفع دقة معرفتنا التجريبية، وإذا كانت هوامش الخطأ كبيرة، يرتفع، عندئذ، عدم اليقين بصدق معرفتنا، وفي غير الرياضيات البحتة لا يوجد شيء معروف على وجه اليقين.

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About Carl Sagan

Carl Edward Sagan (9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the hypothesis, accepted since, that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to, and calculated using, the greenhouse effect. He testified to the US Congress in 1985 that the greenhouse effect will change the earth's climate system.

Biography information from Wikiquote

Also Known As

Native Name: Carl Edward Sagan
Alternative Names: Sagan Carl E. Sagan Carl E Sagan C. E. Sagan C.E. Sagan C E Sagan C. Sagan C Sagan Sagan C Sagan C. Sagan C. E. Sagan CE
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Additional quotes by Carl Sagan

And when I concentrate on the stars, the planets, and their motions, I have an irresistible sense of machinery, clockwork, elegant precision working on a scale that, however lofty our aspirations, dwarfs and humbles us.

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The truth may be puzzling. It may take some work to grapple with. It may be counterintuitive. It may contradict deeply held prejudices. It may not be consonant with what we desperately want to be true. But our preferences do not determine what's true. We have a method, and that method helps us to reach not absolute truth, only asymptotic approaches to the truth — never there, just closer and closer, always finding vast new oceans of undiscovered possibilities. Cleverly designed experiments are the key.

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