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"Espírito" vem da palavra latina que significa "respirar", O que respiramos é o ar, que é certamente matéria, por mais fina que seja. Apesar do uso em contrário, não há na palavra "espiritual" nenhuma inferência necessária de que estamos falando de algo que não seja matéria (inclusive aquela de que é feito o cérebro), ou de algo que esteja fora do domínio da ciência. De vez em quando, sinto-me livre para empregar a palavra. A ciência não é só compatível com a espiritualidade; é uma profunda fonte de espiritualidade. Quando reconhecemos nosso lugar na imensidão de anos-luz e no transcorrer das eras, quando compreendemos a complexidade, a beleza e a sutileza da vida, então o sentimento sublime, misto de júbilo e humildade, é certamente espiritual. Como também são espirituais as nossas emoções diante da grande arte, música ou literatura, ou de atos de coragem altruísta exemplar como os de Mahatma Gandhi ou Martin Luther King. A noção de que a ciência e a espiritualidade são de alguma maneira mutuamente exclusivas presta um desserviço a ambas.
Carl Edward Sagan (9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the hypothesis, accepted since, that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to, and calculated using, the greenhouse effect. He testified to the US Congress in 1985 that the greenhouse effect will change the earth's climate system.
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It is easy to create an interstellar radio message which can be recognized as emanating unambiguously from intelligent beings. A modulated signal (‘beep,’ ‘beep-beep,’ . . . ) comprising the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, for example, consists exclusively of the first 12 prime numbers—that is, numbers that can be divided only by 1, or by themselves. A signal of this kind, based on a simple mathematical concept, could only have a biological origin. . . . But by far the most promising method is to send pictures.
Galileo’s own description of his ecclesiastical travails is contained in a letter he wrote in the year 1615 to the Grand Duchess Christina: Some years ago as Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in the heavens many things that had not been seen before our own age. The novelty of these things, as well as some consequences which followed from them in contradiction to the physical notions commonly held among academic philosophers, stirred up against me no small number of professors [many of them ecclesiastics] — as if I had placed these things in the sky with my own hands in order to upset Nature and overturn the sciences. They seemed to forget that the increase of known truths stimulates the investigation, establishment, and growth of the arts.
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