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" ". I have a foreboding of an America in my children’s or grandchildren’s time — when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the key manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a very few, and no one representing
Carl Edward Sagan (9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the hypothesis, accepted since, that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to, and calculated using, the greenhouse effect. He testified to the US Congress in 1985 that the greenhouse effect will change the earth's climate system.
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Ценностите на науката и ценностите на демокрацията са много сходни, а в редица случаи са неразличими. Науката и демокрацията са се появили — в цивилизованите си превъплъщения — по едно и също време на едно и също място, в Гърция през VII и VI в. пр.Хр. Науката дава власт на всеки, който си даде труд да я изучи (макар че мнозина систематично са лишавани от тази възможност). Науката се подхранва от и дори изисква свободен обмен на идеи. Нейните ценности са противоположното на потайността. Науката не поддържа специални предимства или привилегировани позиции. Както науката, така и демокрацията поощряват неконвенционалните мнения и разпалените дискусии. И двете изискват адекватни причини, смислени доводи и строги стандарти на доказателственост и почтеност. Науката предоставя начини да бъде изобличен блъфът на тези, които само се преструват, че знаят. Тя е крепост срещу мистицизма и суеверието, срещу прилагането на религията в области, където няма място за нея. Ако останем верни на нейните ценности, тя ще ни покаже кога ни лъжат. Науката ни помага да поправим грешките си, преди да е станало късно. Колкото по-голямо разпространение получат нейният език, правила и методи, толкова по-голям шанс имаме да запазим това, което са имали предвид Томас Джеферсън и неговите колеги. Но творенията на науката позволяват на демокрацията да бъде покварена много по-лесно, отколкото си е мечтал който и да било прединдустриален демагог.
As long as there have been humans, we have searched for our place in the Cosmos. In the childhood of our species (when our ancestors gazed a little idly at the stars), among the Ionian scientists of ancient Greece, and in our own age, we have been transfixed by this question: Where are we? Who are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost between two spiral arms in the outskirts of a galaxy which is a member of a sparse cluster of galaxies, tucked away in some forgotten corner of a universe in which there are far more galaxies than people. This perspective is a courageous continuation of our penchant for constructing and testing mental models of the skies; the Sun as a red-hot stone, the stars as celestial flame, the Galaxy as the backbone of night.
Since Aristarchus, every step in our quest has moved us farther from center stage in the cosmic drama. There has not been much time to assimilate these new findings. The discoveries of Shapley and Hubble were made within the lifetimes of many people still alive today. There are those who secretly deplore these great discoveries, who consider every step a demotion, who in their heart of hearts still pine for a universe whose center, focus and fulcrum is the Earth. But if we are to deal with the Cosmos we must first understand it, even if our hopes for some unearned preferential status are, in the process, contravened. Understanding where we live is an essential precondition for improving the neighborhood. Knowing what other neighborhoods are like also helps. If we long for our planet to be important, there is something we can do about it. We make our world significant by the courage of our questions and by the depth of our answers.
We embarked on our cosmic voyage with a question first framed in the childhood of our species and in each generation asked anew with undiminished wonder: What are the stars? Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. We have