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" "That saying is well known, so often used by Anaxagoras, and his Scholars, Achelaus and Euripides, Namely, "That the Sun and Stars were fiery or red-hot Stones and Golden Clods." Of the same mind also were Democritus, Metrodorus, and Diogenes...
David Gregory (originally spelt Gregorie) FRS (3 June 1659 – 10 October 1708) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. He was professor of mathematics at the , and later at the University of Oxford, and a proponent of Isaac Newton's .
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[G]lory has been reserved to our era and to the English people, who since the instauration of the sciences have made such advances... And passing over the immense labours undergone by the most fruitful astronomers of our people... [H]ow easy and how exact... how geometrical, astronomy has been left to us by that most acute geometer... or astronomer, the Right Reverend Dr Seth sometime Bishop of Salisbury, who while he was among men adorned this chair. How geometrically and acutely he determined the positions and species of the orbit and other related matters, following Kepler and substituting as mean motion the angle at the other focus (which he accordingly called that of the mean motion) in place of the areas to the sun that the radius vector describes and as it were sweeps out. Content with this artifice he did not detain himself over the solution of Kepler’s problem, in which the division of the area of an ellipse in a given ratio by a straight line through a focus is required. But, being a most perspicacious man, he was conscious of what delays arose hence in the construction of tables, and, in order to show the world that astronomy was to be advanced by the help of geometry whatever hypotheses it depended upon, he accomplished the same astronomical problems geometrically from the circular hypothesis.
After great and fruitful efforts both in the purer geometry and the more intricate and complex physics, the most skilful geometer Sir Christopher Wren, who among other luminaries of the University of Oxford graced this professorship, solved the following problem: To find the law of gravity or centripetal force by which several bodies moved around a common centre of forces are driven, given that the squares of the periodic times are as the cubes of the radii, as was observed by Kepler for the planets moved around the sun. The most renowned Wren found that the required law of gravity was such that the centripetal forces were reciprocally as the squares of the distances from the centre of forces, and that no other law would agree with what was observed.