A corporation that fails to see itself as an instrument of all its stakeholders will probably fail to use them, and be used by them, effectively enou… - Russell L. Ackoff

A subject may be said to be in such a state if he (it) wants something and has unequally efficient alternative ways of trying to get it.

I do not deny that most managers lack a good deal of information that they should have, but I do deny that this is the most important informational deficiency from which they suffer. It seems to me that they suffer more from an overabundance of irrelevant information.

A system is a set of two or more elements that satisfies the following three conditions. (1) The behavior of each element has an effect on the behavior of the whole. (2) The behavior of the elements and their effects on the whole are interdependent. the way each element behaves and the way it affects the whole depends on how at least one other element behaves. (3) However subgroups of the elements are formed, each has an effect on the behavior of the whole and none has an independent effect on it.