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The matter in the universe is made out of positive energy. However, the matter is all attracting itself by gravity. Two pieces of matter that are clo… - Stephen Hawking
" "The matter in the universe is made out of positive energy. However, the matter is all attracting itself by gravity. Two pieces of matter that are close to each other have less energy than the same two pieces a long way apart. This is because you have to expend energy to separate them. You have to pull against the gravitational force attracting them together. Thus, in a sense, the gravitational field has negative energy. In the case of the whole universe, one can show that this negative gravitational energy exactly cancels the positive energy of the matter. So the total energy of the universe is zero.
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About Stephen Hawking
Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS (8 January 1942 - 14 March 2018) was a British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge.
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Stephen William Hawking
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Hawking
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S. W. Hawking
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stephen
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S. Hawking
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Additional quotes by Stephen Hawking
In the early universe — when the universe was small enough to be governed by both general relativity and quantum theory — there were effectively four dimensions of space and none of time. That means that when we speak of the “beginning” of the universe, we are skirting the subtle issue that as we look backward toward the very early universe, time as we know it does not exist! We must accept that our usual ideas of space and time do not apply to the very early universe. That is beyond our experience, but not beyond our imagination, or our mathematics.
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To apply quantum theory to the entire universe... is tricky... particles of matter fired at a screen with two slits in it... exhibit interference patterns just as water waves do.
Feynman showed that this arises because a particle does not have a unique history.
That is, as it moves from its starting point A to some endpoint B, it doesn’t take one definite path, but rather simultaneously takes every possible path connecting the two points.
From this point of view, interference is no surprise because, for instance, the particle can travel through both slits at the same time and interfere with itself.
In this view, the universe appeared spontaneously, starting off in every possible way.
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