It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency, to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of… - William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

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It is impossible by means of inanimate material agency, to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest of the surrounding objects. [Footnote: ] If this axiom be denied for all temperatures, it would have to be admitted that a self-acting machine might be set to work and produce mechanical effect by cooling the sea or earth, with no limit but the total loss of heat from the earth and sea, or in reality, from the whole material world.

English
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About William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

William Thomson (June 26, 1824–December 17, 1907), 1st Baron Kelvin, often referred to simply as Lord Kelvin, was an Ulster Scots mathematical physicist.

Also Known As

Pen Names: Lord Kelvin
Native Name: William Thomson
Alternative Names: The Lord Kelvin William (Lord Kelvin) Thomson Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin Kelvin Baron Kelvin Sir William Thomson
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Additional quotes by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be.

If the water flow down by a gradual natural channel, its potential energy is gradually converted into heat by fluid friction, according to an admirable discovery made by Mr Joule of Manchester above twelve years ago, which has led to the greatest reform that physical science has experienced since the days of Newton. From that discovery, it may be concluded with certainty that heat is not matter, but some kind of motion among the particles of matter; a conclusion established, it is true, by Sir Humphrey Davy and Count Rumford at the end of last century, but ignored by even the highest scientific men during a period of more than forty years.

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