Each of us must live within that reality. Forecasting is not an exact science—the future leaves no footprints. We cannot predict the future because w… - L.K. Samuels

But the Nazis did more than broadcast messages to the Middle East by Arabic National Socialists. There was a drive to give students from Arab countries German scholarships, to have business firms take in Arab apprentices, and invite Arab party leaders to ‘Nuremberg party rallies and military chiefs to Wehrmacht maneuvers.’ In fact, the Nazis established an ‘Arab Club’ in Berlin as the ‘center for Palestine-related agitation and Arabic-language broadcasting.’ Some Nazi leaders, such as Heinrich Himmler, talked about the ‘ideology closeness’ of National Socialism and Islam, coming up with the concept of Muselgermanen or ‘Muslimo-Germans.’

By June 1919, Mussolini was criticizing Lenin’s handling of the communist revolution in Russia, concerned that he was straying from the tenets of Marxism. Distressed that Lenin was not Marxist enough, Mussolini wrote that his old comrade was ‘the very negation of socialism’ because he had not created a dictatorship of the proletariat or of the socialist party, but only of a few intellectuals who had found the secret of winning power.

By 1934, Hitler’s administration had ‘transferred many functions of individual state (Länder) to the Reich,’ destroying the semi-autonomous federalism of the German states and turning Nazism into the quintessential anti-state rights ideology. Not only were German state governments ‘being overthrown’ by Hitler’s Nazification’ policies, but so were local governments, in accordance with a January 30, 1934, law that ‘abolishes all states’ rights.’ With the support of armed SA Stormtroopers and SS units, local Nazis occupied town halls, ‘terrorizing mayors and councils into resigning’ and replacing them with Nazi-loyal selections.