It is worth stressing that once the entailment structure for a subject matter is available, together with its task structure, these can be used to de… - Gordon Pask

Given a realistically sized task (and assuming that he cannot already perform it), a student is unable to generate the required performance strategy all at once. Instead, he directs his attention to various facets or subtasks and musters subroutines that build up a performance strategy bit by bit. The process is carried out by a learning strategy which, in the free learning subject, may be innate or acquired and which, for the student, is imposed externally by a teacher or learning system.

Complex human learning is a concept involving communication between the participant in the learning process, who commonly occupy the roles of learner and teacher.

Cybernetics is the science or the art of manipulating defensible metaphors; showing how they may be constructed and what can be inferred as a result of their existence.