The lower the rank of managers, the more they know about fewer things. The higher the rank of managers, the less they know about many things. - Russell L. Ackoff

Every culture has a shared pattern of thinking. It is the cement that holds a culture together, gives it unity. A culture's characteristic way of thinking is imbedded in its concept of the nature of reality, its world view.

Managers who don't know how to measure what they want settle for wanting what they can measure. For example, those who want a high quality of work life but don't know how to measure it, often settle for wanting a high standard of living because they can measure it.

Managers cannot learn from doing things right, only from doing them wrong