After collecting a stool sample from its customers, Viome (which Peter and I invested in through his venture firm, BOLD Capital Partners) uses its genetic sequencing technology to identify trillions of microbes in the gut and analyze their activities, including their biochemical interactions with the foods you eat. (Another great company that does biome analysis is called GI Map.) “There wasn’t even a supercomputer that was built ten years ago that could have analyzed this massive set of data,” says Viome’s CEO, Naveen Jain. Using advanced artificial intelligence, Viome crunches that data to offer individualized advice on which foods and supplements may positively or negatively affect your microbiome.

Our entire life changes in a moment.

Action is what unites every great success. Action is what produces results. Knowledge is only potential power until it comes into the hands of someone who knows how to get himself to take effective action. In fact, the literal definition of the word “power” is “the ability to act.

Arianna Huffington cites studies in her brilliant book Thrive that show how the act of giving actually improves your physical and mental health. One example I love in particular is the 2013 study from Britain’s University of Exeter Medical School that reveals how volunteering is associated with lower rates of depression, higher reports of well-being, and a 22% reduction in death rates! She also writes, “Volunteering at least once a week yields improvements to well-being tantamount to your salary increasing from $20,000 to $75,000!

In reality, at the time I was being incredibly negative and seeing things worse than they were. I was using my pessimism as a shield. It was my feeble attempt at protecting myself from the pain of failed expectations: I’d do anything to keep from being disappointed once again. But in adopting this pattern, this same barrier that kept me out of pain also kept me out of pleasure. It barred me from solutions and sealed me in a tomb of emotional death where one never experiences too much pain or too much pleasure, and where one continuously justifies one’s limited actions by stating they’re “just being realistic.

The easiest way to understand this is, it’s exactly what Social Security does. With Social Security, you know, you’re paying in over your lifetime while you’re working, and then when you retire, you get paid back income every month for as long as you live.

Exponential Growth in Storage Consider data storage, which is critical for the genomics world today. The 3.2 billion base pairs of your genome correspond to about 725 megabytes of data, or 0.75 gigabytes of storage. In 1981, if you were to store your uncompressed genome, a 1-gigabyte hard drive of storage cost half a million dollars. Today, it’s 50 million times cheaper at under 1 cent per gigabyte.

There’s another option that also works well for many people: a mandibular advancement device (or MAD). Basically, this is a mouth guard that pushes your lower jaw forward, shifting the placement of your tongue while you sleep. MADs are small, easy to carry when you travel, and can be customized to provide a perfect fit for your teeth. They stop you snoring and also serve as a night guard if you’ve been told that you grind your teeth. Peter, who used to use a CPAP machine but found it difficult to lug along on his travels, now swears by his mandibular advancement device.