G.H. Hardy Quotes

A chess problem is genuine mathematics, but it is in some way 'trivial' mathematics. However ingenious and intricate, however original and surprising the moves, there is something essential lacking. Chess problems are unimportant. The best mathematics is serious as well as beautiful – important if you like, but the word is very ambiguous, and 'serious' expresses what I mean much better.

There is the science of pure geometry, in which there are many geometries, , , non-Euclidean geometry... [etc.]. Each... is a , a pattern of ideas... judged by the interest and beauty of... pattern. It is a map or picture, the... product of many hands, a partial and imperfect copy (yet exact so far as it extends) of a section of mathematical reality. But... there is one thing... of which pure geometries are not pictures, and that is the spatio-temporal reality of the physical world. ...[T]hey cannot be, since earthquakes and eclipses are not mathematical concepts.

317 is a prime, not because we think so, or because our minds are shaped in one way rather than another, but because it is, because mathematical reality is built that way.

Archimedes will be remembered when Aeschylus is forgotten, because languages die and mathematical ideas do not. "Immortality" may be a silly word, but probably a mathematician has the best chance of whatever it may mean.

He could remember the idiosyncrasies of numbers in an almost uncanny way. It was Littlewood who said that every positive integer was one of Ramanujan's personal friends. I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."

I am interested in mathematics only as a creative art.

[S]cience works for evil as well as for good (...particularly ...in time of war); and... mathematicians may be justified in rejoicing that there is one science... their own, whose ...remoteness from ordinary human activities should keep it gentle and clean.

If I knew I was going to die today, I think I should still want to hear the cricket scores.

[T]here is no mathematician so pure that he feels no interest at all in the physical world; but, in so far as he succumbs to this temptation, he will be abandoning his purely mathematical position.

The play is independent of the pages on which it is printed, and 'pure geometries' are independent of lecture rooms, [rough blackboard drawings] or of any other detail of the physical world.
This is the point of view of a pure mathematician. Applied mathematicians, mathematical physicists... take a different view... preoccupied with the physical world itself, which also has its structure or pattern. ...We may be able to trace a ...resemblance between the two sets of relations, and then the pure geometry will become interesting to physicists; it will give us ...a map which 'fits the facts' ...The geometer offers ...a whole set of maps from which to choose.

Chess problems are the hymn-tunes of mathematics.

… there is no scorn more profound, or on the whole more justifiable, than that of the men who make for the men who explain. Exposition, criticism, appreciation, is work for second-rate minds.

No one has yet discovered any warlike purpose to be served by the theory of numbers or relativity, and it seems unlikely that anyone will do so for many years.

[M]athematical reality lies outside us ...our function is to discover or observe it, and ...the theorems ...we prove, and ...describe grandiloquently as our 'creations', are simply our notes of our observations. This view has been held, in one form or another, by many philosophers of high reputation from Plato onwards [...]

The mathematician’s patterns, like the painter’s or the poet’s must be beautiful; the ideas like the colours or the words, must fit together in a harmonious way. Beauty is the first test: there is no permanent place in the world for ugly mathematics.