German philosopher and theologian (1770–1831)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher considered one of the most important figures in German idealism. He is one of the fundamental figures of Western philosophy, with his influence extending to the entire range of contemporary philosophical issues, from aesthetics to ontology to politics, both in the analytic and continental tradition.
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maternal love, the most successful object of the religious imagination of romantic art. For the most part real and human, it is yet entirely spiritual, without the interest and exigency of desire, not sensuous and yet present: absolutely satisfied and blissful spiritual depth. It is a love without craving, but it is not friendship; for be friendship never so rich in emotion, it yet demands a content, something essential, as a mutual end and aim. Whereas, without any reciprocity of aim and interests, maternal love has an immediate support in the natural bond of connection. But in this instance the mother’s love is not at all restricted to the natural side. In the child which she conceived and then bore in travail, Mary has the complete knowledge and feeling of herself; and the same child, blood of her blood, stands all the same high above her, and nevertheless this higher being belongs to her and is the object in which she forgets and maintains herself. The natural depth of feeling in the mother’s love is altogether spiritualized; it has the Divine as its proper content, but this spirituality remains lowly and unaware, marvellously penetrated by natural oneness and human feeling. It is the blissful maternal love, the love of the one mother alone who was the first recipient of this joy. Of course this love too is not without grief, but the grief is only the sorrow of loss, lamentation for her suffering, dying, and dead son, and does not, as we shall see at a later stage,[9] result from injustice and torment from without, or from the infinite battle against sins, or from the agony and pain brought about by the self. Such deep feeling is here spiritual beauty, the Ideal, human identification of man with God, with the spirit and with truth: a pure forgetfulness and complete self-surrender which still in this forgetfulness is from the beginning one with that into which it is merged and now with blissful satisfaction has a sense of this oneness.
In such a beautiful way mat
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The third feature which is of importance for romantic subjectivity within its mundane sphere is fidelity. Yet by ‘fidelity’ we have here to understand neither the consistent adherence to an avowal of love once given nor the firmness of friendship of which, amongst the Greeks, Achilles and Patroclus, and still more intimately, Orestes and Pylades counted as the finest model. Friendship in this sense of the word has youth especially for its basis and period. Every man has to make his way through life for himself and to gain and maintain an actual position for himself. Now when individuals still live in actual relationships which are indefinite on both sides, this is the period, i.e. youth, in which individuals become intimate and are so closely bound into one disposition, will, and activity that, as a result, every undertaking of the one becomes the undertaking of the other. In the friendship of adults this is no longer the case. A man’s affairs go their own way independently and cannot be carried into effect in that firm community of mutual effort in which one man cannot achieve anything without someone else. Men find others and separate themselves from them again; their interests and occupations drift apart and are united again; friendship, spiritual depth of disposition, principles, and general trends of life remain, but this is not the friendship of youth, in the case of which no one decides anything or sets to work on anything without its immediately becoming the concern of his friend. It is inherent essentially in the principle of our deeper life that, on the whole, every man fends for himself, i.e. is himself competent to take his place in the world. Fidelity in friendship and love subsists only between equals.
In Mohammedanism the limited principle of the Jews is expanded into universality and thereby overcome. Here, God is no longer, as with the Asiatics, contemplated as existent in immediately sensuous mode but is apprehended as the one infinite sublime Power beyond all the multiplicity of the world. Mohammedanism is, therefore, in the strictest sense of the world, the religion of sublimity.
All the same, while proof is essential in the case of mathematical knowledge, it still does not have the significance and nature of being a moment in the result itself; the proof is over when we get the result, and has disappeared. The process of mathematical proof does not belong to the object; it is a function that takes place outside the matter in hand.
Si la simple expression de la douleur et de la joie soulage le coeur, les épanchements de la poésie lyrique [ont] une mission plus haute ; celle, non de délivrer l'esprit du sentiment, mais de l'affranchir dans le sentiment.
En effet, la domination aveugle de la passion consiste en ce que l'âme s'identifie tout entière avec elle, au point de ne plus pouvoir s'en détacher, de ne pouvoir se contempler et s'exprimer elle-même. Or la poésie délivre, à la vérité, l'âme de cette oppression en lui mettant sous les yeux sa propre image. Elle fait de chaque sentiment accidentel un objet purifié, dans lequel l'âme affranchie retourne libre à elle-même dans sa conscience délivrée et s'y retrouve chez elle.
With regard to the purpose, one should not immediately or should not merely think of the form in which it is in consciousness, as a determination on hand in the representation. Through the concept of inner purposiveness, Kant re-awakened the idea in general and that of life in particular. Aristotle's determination of life already contains the inner purposiveness and thus stands infinitely far beyond the concept of modern teleology which has only the finite, the external purposiveness in view.
Las representaciones dadas por la sensación y la intuición son, según su contenido, algo plural, y también
lo son igualmente según su forma, es decir, por la exterioridad recíproca
de la sensibilidad en sus dos formas, espacio y tiempo, las cuales en
cuanto formas (o lo universal) del intuir son ellas mismas a priori. Eso
plural del sensar e intuir es conducido a identidad, a una conexión originaria,
en tanto que el yo lo refiere a sí mismo y lo une a sí en tanto conciencia
una (apercepción pura). Las maneras determinadas de ese referir
son los conceptos puros del entendimiento, las categorías.
La representación coincide aquí con el entendimiento, el cual se distingue de la representación solamente en que éste sienta relaciones de necesidad entre las determinaciones aisladas de la representación, mientras que ésta deja aquellas determinaciones una junto a otra dentro de su espacio indeterminado, ligadas por el mero «también». — La distinción entre representación y pensamiento tiene mayor importancia para nuestro asunto, porque se puede decir sencillamente que la filosofía no hace otra cosa que transformar representaciones en pensamientos, pero además desde luego, transforma los meros pensamientos en concepto.