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" "If you want fantasy... first of all, you have to believe in string theory... these extra dimensions and the D brains... and these D brains are supposed to have collided in the period before the Big Bang and there they come together and produced our Big Bang... and that expands... [T]he trouble... is a strong element of fantasy. We really haven't the remotest idea... what kind of physics is supposed to go on here, but there's a more serious problem... [T]his... has different forms, one... is... in terms of the 2nd law of thermodynamics... and it's related to a geometrical issue... [T]hese pictures are hard to draw.... because the singularity in the black hole doesn't really fit on the Big Bang singularity... It's a stretch of geometrical imagination... [I]t doesn't make them wrong, because... you really do need some fantasy, and this is an example of this possible kind of fantasy that you might need, but I want to give you a different kind which... has some greater plausibility...
Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist and Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, famous for his work in mathematical physics, cosmology, general relativity, and his musings on the nature of consciousness.
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Gödel's theorem shows that this point of view is not really a tenable one in a fundamental philosophy of mathematics. The notion of mathematical truth goes beyond the whole concept of formalism. There is something absolute and 'God-given' about mathematical truth. This is what , as discussed at the end of the last chapter, is about. Any particular formal system has a provisional and 'man-made' quality about it. Such systems indeed have very valuable roles to play in mathematical discussions, but they can supply only a partial (or approximate) guide to truth. Real mathematical truth goes beyond mere man-made constructions.
[T]here's a version of this a version of this idea which John Wheeler has promoted, which is that in each of these cycles, since nobody really knows what goes on at the crunch, bang stage... you can... invent any physics you like, and one idea... is to suggest that the... fundamental constants of nature might get changed every time you go through one of these cycles... [T]his might help to explain... puzzles that... the constants have to be just such and such in order that life should exist...[etc.] I always have trouble with many of these arguments. It's not at all clear whether you need them or not. They might be true but we don't know. It may be that these numbers are fixed and they might change through each cycle...[etc.] but our current physics... doesn't allow this kind of thing. These are singular states according to classical theory. Maybe if we had quantum gravity... one could imagine such a scheme...
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It is quite likely that the 21st century will reveal even more wonderful insights than those that we have been blessed with in the 20th. But for this to happen, we shall need powerful new ideas, which will take us in directions significantly different from those currently being pursued. Perhaps what we mainly need is some subtle change in perspective—something that we all have missed....