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" "Ethnocentrism, xenophobia and nationalism are these days rife in many parts of the world. Government repression of unpopular views is still widespread. False or misleading memories are inculcated. For the defenders of such attitudes, science is disturbing. It claims access to truths that are largely independent of ethnic or cultural biases. By its very nature, science transcends national boundaries. Put scientists working in the same field of study together in a room and even if they share no common spoken language, they will find a way to communicate. Science itself is a transnational language. Scientists are naturally cosmopolitan in attitude and are more likely to see through efforts to divide the human family into many small and warring factions. 'There is no national science,' said the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, 'just as there is no national multiplication table.' (Likewise, for many, there is no such thing as a national religion, although the religion of nationalism has millions of adherents.)
Carl Edward Sagan (9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the hypothesis, accepted since, that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to, and calculated using, the greenhouse effect. He testified to the US Congress in 1985 that the greenhouse effect will change the earth's climate system.
Biography information from Wikiquote
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"Essa é uma das razões pelas quais as religiões organizadas não me inspiram confiança. Que líderes dos principais credos reconhecem que suas crenças talvez sejam incompletas ou errôneas, e criam institutos para revelar possíveis deficiências doutrinárias? Além do teste da vida cotidiana, quem verifica sistematicamente as circunstâncias em que os ensinamentos religiosos tradicionais talvez ja não se apliquem? (É concebível que as doutrinas e a ética que podem ter funcionado muito bem nos tempos patriarcais, patrísticos ou medievais sejam totalmente inválidas no mundo bastante diferente que habitamos hoje.) Que sermões examinam imparcialmente a hipótese de Deus? Que prêmios os céticos religiosos ganham das religiões estabelecidas - ou, nesse aspecto, que recompensas os céticos sociais e econômicos recebem da sociedade em que vivem?
A ciência, observa Ann Druyan, está sempre nos sussurrando ao ouvido: "Lembre-se, você é novo nisso. Pode estar equivocado. Já errou antes". Apesar de todo o discurso da humildade, mostrem-me algo comparável na religião. Acredita-se que as Escrituras sejam de inspiração divina - uma expressão com muitos significados. Mas e se forem simplesmente criadas por seres humanos falíveis?"