[W]e will be able to identify that quantity which is usually called entropy with the probability of the particular state. - Ludwig Boltzmann

According to the second fundamental theorem... change has to take place in such a way that the total entropy of the particles increases. This means according to our present interpretation that nothing changes except that the probability of the overall state for all particles will get larger and larger.

Mr. Culverwell says that my theorem cannot be true because if it were true every atom of the universe would have the same average , and all energy would be dissipated. I find, on the contrary, that this argument only lends to confirm my theorem, which requires only that in the course of time the universe must tend to a state where the average vis viva of every atom is the same and all energy is dissipated, and that is indeed the case.

For a long time the celebrated theory of Boscovich was the ideal of physicists. According to his theory, bodies as well as the ether are aggregates of material points, acting together with forces, which are simple functions of their distances.