Mindset change is not about picking up a few pointers here and there. It's about seeing things in a new way. When people...change to a growth mindset… - Carol S. Dweck

Not only weren’t they discouraged by failure, they didn’t even think they were failing. They thought they were learning.

After seven experiments with hundreds of children, we had some of the clearest findings I’ve ever seen: Praising children’s intelligence harms their motivation and it harms their performance. How can that be? Don’t children love to be praised? Yes, children love praise. And they especially love to be praised for their intelligence and talent. It really does give them a boost, a special glow — but only for the moment. The minute they hit a snag, their confidence goes out the window and their motivation hits rock bottom. If success means they’re smart, then failure means they’re dumb. That’s the fixed mindset.

CEOs face this choice all the time. Should they confront their shortcomings or should they create a world where they have none? Lee Iacocca chose the latter. He surrounded himself with worshipers, exiled the critics — and quickly lost touch with where his field was going. Lee Iacocca had become a nonlearner.