[W]e have two civilizations, one in the north that flourished during the Old Kingdom, god , agglomerated stone, [and] that in the south that flourish… - Joseph Davidovits

[I]n the... early stage of polymer chemistry the question was raised on the ability of Si to generate chains... analogous to the s. ... (1912) isolated the compound SiH₄, the chemical structure ...equivalent of (CH₄). ...F. S. Kipping published his results on the preparation of the ... group (also called siloxo) Si-O-Si ...from the condensation of two groups and formation of water ...The ...reaction yielded ...organic mineral polymers known as s. ...Very soon after this ...it became evident that the silicone bridge -Si-O-Si- had something in common with the ...structure of (Almeningen et. al., 1963).

Major efforts were dedicated to greenhouse CO2 mitigation with the development of low CO2 geopolymer cements. My research... started in 1990 at Penn-State University... The production of 1 tonne of kaolin based-geopolymeric cement generates 0.180 tonnes of CO2, from combustion carbon-fuel, compared with... Portland cement... six times less. Fly ash based-geopolymeric cement... up to nine times less than Portland...

For Chefren, same problem, the core is made of agglomerated stone, but this time... the granite... more easily ...was only for the casing of the first and second steps that is made of ...blocks of granite that are split into two and are incorporated into ...the natural step.