There will always be some people who think for themselves, even among the self-appointed guardians of the great mass who, after having thrown off the… - Immanuel Kant

La incapacidad significa la imposibilidad de servirse de la propia inteligencia sin la guía de otro. Esta incapacidad es culpable porque su causa no reside en la falta de inteligencia sino de decisión y valor para servirse por sí mismo de ella sin la tutela de otro. ¡Sapere aude! ¡Ten el valor de servirte de tu propia tazón!: he aquí el lema de la Ilustración.

A man shouldn’t claim to know even himself as he really is by knowing himself through inner sensation — i.e. by introspection. For since he doesn’t produce himself (so to speak) or get his concept of himself a priori but only empirically, it is natural that he gets his knowledge of himself through inner sense and consequently only through how his nature appears and how his consciousness is affected. But beyond the character of his own subject, which is made up out of these mere appearances, he necessarily assumes something else underlying it, namely his I as it is in itself. Thus in respect to mere perception and receptivity to sensations he must count himself as belonging to the sensible world; but in respect to whatever pure activity there may be in himself (which reaches his consciousness directly and not by affecting the inner or outer senses) he must count himself as belonging to the intellectual world — though he doesn’t know anything more about it.

The touchstone of everything that can be concluded as a law for a people lies in the question whether the people could have imposed such a law on itself.