The parallel existence and mutual interaction of "state" and "market" in the modern world create "political economy"; without both state and market t… - Robert Gilpin

One reason for the primacy of the market in shaping the modern world is that it forces a reorganization of society in order to make the market work properly . When a market comes into existence, as Marx fully appreciated, it becomes a potent force driving social change.

Every dominant state, and particularly an empire, promotes a religion or ideology that justifies its domination over other states in the system.

In the abstract world of American economists, equations run both ways; they believe that by changing the sign of a variable from plus to minus or from minus to plus or the price and quantity of x or y, the direction of historical movement can be reversed.