If the Darwinian package were correct, then we would expect to see the simultaneous appearance in the archeological and fossil records of evidence fo… - Richard Leakey

The question... is whether Upper Paleolithic art bears the telltale signs of Lewis-Williams' three stage neuropsychological model, and could thus be shamanistic art.

Where Breuil has seen chaos—or at least, randomness—in wall art, Leroi-Gourhan sought and found order.

When a San Shaman goes into a trance, he harnesses that power, becomes part of the world beyond, becomes invisible to the singers and dancers around him, and draws images on the rock face. Ask the San who drew the images, and they say the spirits. And the rock face is more than a surface for the paint; it is the boundary of this world and the world beyond. ...part of the meaning of it all, and the rock shelter itself assumes a special status, a place of veneration.