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" "An active life serves the purpose of giving man the opportunity to realize values in creative work, while a passive life of enjoyment affords him the opportunity to obtain fulfillment in experiencing beauty, art, or nature. But there is also purpose in that life which is almost barren of both creation and enjoyment and which admits of but one possibility of high moral behavior: namely, in man's attitude to his existence, an existence restricted by external forces. A creative life and a life of enjoyment are banned to him. But not only creativeness and enjoyment are meaningful. If there is a meaning in life at all, then there must be a meaning in suffering. Suffering is an ineradicable part of life, even as fate and death. Without suffering and death human life cannot be complete.
Viktor Emil Frankl, M.D., Ph.D. (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997) was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist and a Holocaust survivor. Frankl was the founder of logotherapy, which is a form of existential analysis, the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy". His best-selling book Man's Search for Meaning chronicles his experiences as a concentration camp inmate which led him to discover the importance of finding meaning in all forms of existence, even the most sordid ones, and thus, a reason to continue living. Frankl became one of the key figures in existential therapy and a prominent source of inspiration for humanistic psychologists.
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I speak of a tragic optimism, that is, an optimism in the face of tragedy and in view of the human potential which at its best always allows for: (1) turning suffering into a human achievement and accomplishment; (2) deriving from guilt the opportunity to change oneself for the better; and (3) deriving from life’s transitoriness an incentive to take responsible action.
الصحة النفسية تستند الى درجة كبيرة من التوتر- التوتر بين ما انجزه الفرد بالفعل وما لا يزال عليه ان ينجزه, او الفجوة بين واقع الفرد وما ينبقغي أن يصير عليه. ذلك التوتر كامن في الوجود الانساني وبالتالي فلا غنى عنه بالنسبة للصحة النفسية. وينغي اذن الا نتردد في أن نضع أمام الانسان تحديات عليه أو يواجهها بما عنده من معان كامنة عليه أن يحققها. فكل ما نفعله في هذه الحالة هو أن نستدعي إرادة المعنى عنده في حالة كمونها. وأعتبر أنه لتصور خاطئ وخطير للصحة النفسية الزعم بأن ما يحتاجه الانسان في المحل الاول هو التوازن, أو كما يعرف باستعادة الاتزان في البيولوجيا, اي حالة اللاتوتر. فليس ما يحتاجه الانسان حقيقة هو حالة اللاتوتر ولكنه يحتاج الى السعي والاجتهاد في سبيل هدف يستحق أن يعيش من أجله. فالانسان لا يحتاج الى التخلص من التوتر بأي ثمن, ولكن يحتاج الى استدعاء امكانات المعنى-ذلك المعنى الذي ينتظر أن يقوم بتحقيقه. إن ما يحتاجه الانسان ليس استعادة الاتزان ولكن ما اسميه بـ الديناميات المعنوية, في مجال للتوتر -يتمثل أحد قطبيه في المعنى اللازم تحقيقه, ويتمثل القطب الآخر في الانسان الذي ينبغي أن يقوم بتحقيقه.
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