Religions are often state-protected nurseries of pseudoscience, although there's no reason why religions have to play that role. In a way, it's an ar… - Carl Sagan

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Engraved portrait of Carl Sagan, facing right

Religions are often state-protected nurseries of pseudoscience, although there's no reason why religions have to play that role. In a way, it's an artefact from times long gone.

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About Carl Sagan

Carl Edward Sagan (9 November 1934 – 20 December 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space, the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the hypothesis, accepted since, that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to, and calculated using, the greenhouse effect. He testified to the US Congress in 1985 that the greenhouse effect will change the earth's climate system.

Biography information from Wikiquote · Portrait adapted from Wikimedia Commons, NASA/JPL (Public domain / CC0)

Also Known As

Native Name: Carl Edward Sagan
Alternative Names: Sagan Carl E. Sagan Carl E Sagan C. E. Sagan C.E. Sagan C E Sagan C. Sagan C Sagan Sagan C Sagan C. Sagan C. E. Sagan CE

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Additional quotes by Carl Sagan

I would rather understand one cause than be King of Persia. — Democritus of Abdera If a faithful account was rendered of Man’s ideas upon Divinity, he would be obliged to acknowledge, that for the most part the word “gods” has been used to express the concealed, remote, unknown causes of the effects he witnessed; that he applies this term when the spring of the natural, the source of known causes, ceases to be visible: as soon as he loses the thread of these causes, or as soon as his mind can no longer follow the chain, he solves the difficulty, terminates his research, by ascribing it to his gods … When, therefore, he ascribes to his gods the production of some phenomenon … does he, in fact, do any thing more than substitute for the darkness of his own mind, a sound to which he has been accustomed to listen with reverential awe? — Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron von Holbach, Système de la Nature, London, 1770 When

"CATATAN PEMBACA

Saat ini kita tahu ada 8 planet (plus Matahari, jadi 9 benda utama di pusat sistem kita). Tapi orang zaman kuno tidak tahu itu.

Alasannya sederhana: teknologi dan perspektif.

Berikut adalah 7 benda langit yang mereka maksud, dan mengapa hanya tujuh:
Orang zaman kuno hanya bisa mengamati langit dengan mata telanjang. Dari perspektif mereka di Bumi, mereka melihat ribuan titik cahaya (bintang).
Namun, mereka menyadari ada tujuh di antara titik-titik cahaya itu yang "berperilaku" aneh. Sementara bintang-bintang lain posisinya tetap (membentuk konstelasi seperti Orion atau Scorpio), ketujuh benda ini bergerak atau "mengembara" di antara bintang-bintang tetap itu.Inilah ketujuh "pengelana" itu:
Matahari
Bulan
Mars
Merkurius
Jupiter
Venus
Saturnus

Ketujuh benda inilah yang paling terang dan terlihat bergerak dari hari ke hari, sehingga dianggap istimewa dan memiliki kekuatan dewa. Kata "planet" sendiri berasal dari bahasa Yunani planētēs, yang artinya "pengembara".

Lalu, Mengapa Benda Lain Tidak Termasuk?

Bumi: Orang kuno tidak menganggap Bumi sebagai planet. Bagi mereka, Bumi adalah pusat dari segalanya, tempat mereka berpijak. Mereka melihat benda-benda langit bergerak mengelilingi Bumi, bukan Bumi yang bergerak mengelilingi Matahari.

Uranus & Neptunus: Keduanya terlalu jauh dan terlalu redup untuk bisa dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Uranus baru ditemukan pada tahun 1781 dan Neptunus pada tahun 1846, keduanya setelah penemuan teleskop.Pluto (dan planet kerdil lainnya): Jauh lebih kecil dan lebih jauh lagi, baru ditemukan pada abad ke-20.
***
Konsep "7 hari, 7 planet, 7 dewa" sudah ada ribuan tahun sebelum kita tahu tentang Uranus dan Neptunus."

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It never happens that a new constellation suddenly rises out of the east. There is an order, a predictability, a permanence about the stars. In a way, they are almost comforting.

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