If all the absurd theories of lawyers and divines were to vitiate the objects in which they are conversant, we should have no law and no religion left in the world. But an absurd theory on one side of a question forms no justification for alleging a false fact or promulgating mischievous maxims on the other.

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there is no circumstance, in all the contradictions of our most mysterious nature, that appears to be more humiliating than the use we are disposed to make of those sad examples which seem purposely marked for our correction and improvement.

The cause of civil liberty and civil government gains as little as that of religion by this confusion of duties. Those who quit their proper character to assume what does not belong to them are, for the greater part, ignorant both of the character they leave and of the character they assume. Wholly unacquainted with the world, in which they are so fond of meddling, and inexperienced in all its affairs, on which they pronounce with so much confidence, they have nothing of politics but the passions they excite. Surely the church is a place where one day’s truce ought to be allowed to the dissensions and animosities of mankind.

O governo não é feito em virtude de direitos naturais, que podem e devem existir em total independência dele, e existem em uma clareza e em um grau muito maiores de perfeição abstrata; mas sua perfeição abstrata é seu defeito prático. Por ter direito a tudo, eles querem tudo. O governo é um artifício da sabedoria humana para prover as vontades humanas. Os homens têm direito a que esses desejos sejam providenciados por esta sabedoria. Entre esses desejos está o reconhecimento da necessidade, numa sociedade civil, de um constrangimento suficiente sobre as paixões. A sociedade exige que não só as paixões dos indivíduos sejam submetidas, mas que, mesmo em multidões e organizações, bem como nos indivíduos, as inclinações dos homens sejam frequentemente contrariadas, suas vontades controladas, e suas paixões suprimidas. Isso só pode ser feito por um poder externo a eles, e jamais sujeito, no exercício da sua função, a essa vontade e às paixões que tem o dever de refrear e subjugar. Neste sentido, as restrições sobre os homens, bem como as suas liberdades, devem ser reconhecidas como seus direitos. Mas, como as liberdades e as restrições variam de acordo com os tempos e circunstâncias e admitem infinitas modificações, elas não podem ser estabelecidas sobre nenhum tipo de regra abstrata; e nada é tão tolo quanto discuti-las a partir desse princípio.

Let us, Sir, embrace some system or other before we end this session. Do you mean to tax America, and to draw a productive revenue from thence? If you do, speak out: name, fix, ascertain this revenue; settle its quantity; define its objects; provide for its collection; and then fight, when you have something to fight for. If you murder, rob; if you kill, take possession; and do not appear in the character of madmen as well as assassins, violent, vindictive, bloody, and tyrannical, without an object. But may better counsels guide you!

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But if, intemperately, unwisely, fatally, you sophisticate and poison the very source of government, by urging subtle deductions, and consequences odious to those you govern, from the unlimited and illimitable nature of supreme sovereignty, you will teach them by these means to call that sovereignty itself in question. When you drive him hard, the boar will surely turn upon the hunters. If that sovereignty and their freedom cannot be reconciled, which will they take? They will cast your sovereignty in your face. Nobody will be argued into slavery.