Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE)
Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit/Devanagari: सिद्धार्थ गौतम Siddhārtha Gautama, c. 563/624 – c. 483/544 BCE) or Siddhattha Gotama in Pali,; also called the Gautama Buddha, the Shakyamuni Buddha ("Buddha, Sage of the Shakyas") or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was a monk (śramaṇa), mendicant, sage, philosopher, teacher and religious leader on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the northeastern part of ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.
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Buddha said, “Forgive? But I am not the same man to whom you did it. The Ganges goes on flowing, it is never the same Ganges again. Every man is a river. The man you spit upon is no longer here. I look just like him, but I am not the same, much has happened in these twenty-four hours! The river has flowed so much. So I cannot forgive you because I have no grudge against you.”
“And you also are new. I can see you are not the same man who came yesterday because that man was angry and he spit, whereas you are bowing at my feet, touching my feet. How can you be the same man? You are not the same man, so let us forget about it. Those two people, the man who spit and the man on whom he spit, both are no more. Come closer. Let us talk of something else.
Bhikkhus, possessing four qualities, the foolish, incompetent, bad person maintains himself in a maimed and injured condition; he is blameworthy and subject to reproach by the wise; and he generates much demerit. What four? (1) Without investigating and scrutinizing, he speaks praise of one who deserves dispraise. (2) Without investigating and scrutinizing, he speaks dispraise of one who deserves praise. (3) Without investigating and scrutinizing, he believes a matter that merits suspicion. (4) Without investigating and scrutinizing, he is suspicious about a matter that merits belief. Possessing these four qualities, the foolish, incompetent, bad person maintains himself in a maimed and injured condition; he is blameworthy and subject to reproach by the wise; and he generates much demerit.
Szerzetesek, vannak tanulatlan, közönséges emberek, akik nem gondolnak a nemes dolgokkal, nem hallottak a nemes tanról, járatlanok a nemes tanban; nem gondolnak az igaz emberekkel, nem hallottak az igaz emberek viselkedéséről, járatlanok az igaz ember viselkedésében. Az ilyenek nem ismerik fel a fontos tanokat, nem ismerik fel a fölösleges tanokat. Mivel nem ismerik fel a fontos tanokat, és nem ismerik fel a fölösleges tanokat, a fölösleges tanokkal foglalkoznak, és a fontos tanokkal nem foglalkoznak.
Melyek azok a fölösleges tanok, szerzetesek, amelyekkel foglalkoznak? Ha egy tannal való foglalkozás következtében feltámad a még fel nem támadt örömvágy indulata, a már feltámadt örömvágy indulata pedig erősödik, feltámad a még fel nem támadt létezni vágyás indulata, a már feltámadt létezni vágyás indulata pedig erősödik, feltámad a még fel nem támadt balgaság indulata, a már feltámadt balgaság indulata pedig erősödik, az ilyen tan fölösleges, és ők ezzel foglalkoznak.