Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50–c. 138)
Epictetus (c. 55 – c. 135 AD), born a slave, was a Greek Stoic philosopher. His words were recorded by his student Arrian in the Discourses and Enchiridion written in the early 2nd-century.
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لا تقل أبدًا إني فيلسوف، ولا تكثر الحديث بين الجُهَّال عن نظرياتك، بل بيِّنها بالأفعال. فإذا كنت في وليمة فلا تقل كيف ينبغي الأكل بل كُل كما ينبغي.
وإذا دار أي حديث بين الجهَّال حول أي نظرياتٍ فلسفية فالزم الصمت دائمًا؛ فثَمة خطرٌ كبيرٌ بأن تقيء في الحال ما لم تهضمه.
ذلك أنه حتى الخِراف لا تقيء عشبها لكي تُريَ الرعاةَ كم أكلَت، بل عندما تهضم الكلأ داخلها فإنها تُخرِجه صوفًا ولبنًا.
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Be the same person in public as in private. Speak only what is useful and beneficial. In conversation, avoid idle chatter about horse races, athletes, celebrities, food, and drink. Refuse to participate in gossip — tearing down, inflating, and judging other people. Among friends, shift the conversation to worthy topics; among strangers, stay silent.
Consider how we apply the idea of freedom to animals. [25] There are tame lions that people cage, raise, feed and take with them wherever they go. Yet who will call such a lion free? The easier its life, the more slavish it is. No lion endowed with reason and discretion would choose to be one of these pet specimens.
Outside our control, however, are such things as what kind of body we have, whether we’re born into wealth or strike it rich, how we are regarded by others, and our status in society. We must remember that those things are externals and are therefore not our concern. Trying to control or to change what we can’t only results in torment.
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