Indian politician, diplomat, author
Shashi Tharoor (Malayalam: ശശി തരൂര്; Born 9 March 1956 in London) is an Indian politician, author, journalist, and a former diplomat who is currently serving as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala since 2009. He also currently serves as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology.
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Alternative Names:
Tharoor Shashi
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Joseph Conrad, no radical himself, described colonialism as ‘a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly’. As he wrote in 1902, ‘The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much.’ Rabindranath Tagore put it gently to a Western audience in New York in 1930: ‘A great portion of the world suffers from your civilisation.’ Mahatma Gandhi was blunter: asked what he thought of Western civilization, he replied, ‘It would be a good idea’.
To describe his method, Gandhi coined the expression satyagraha, literally, ‘holding on to truth’ or, as he variously described it, truth-force, love-force or soul-force. He disliked the English term ‘passive resistance’ because satyagraha required activism, not passivity. If you believed in Truth and cared enough to obtain it, Gandhi felt, you could not afford to be passive: you had to be prepared actively to suffer for Truth. So non-violence, like many later concepts labelled with a negation, from non-cooperation to non-alignment, meant much more than the denial of an opposite; it did not merely imply the absence of violence. Non-violence was the way to vindicate the truth not by the infliction of suffering on the opponent, but on one’s self. It was essential to willingly accept punishment in order to demonstrate the strength of one’s convictions.
इसका दायरा इतना व्यापक था कि गुजरात के महान कवि, दार्शनिक और धर्मोपदेशक नरसी मेहता से लेकर मिथिला के विद्यापति और बंगाल के चैतन्य देव तक कितने ही महापुरुष इस महाधारा से जुड़ते रहे। (चैतन्य देव ने कीर्तनों और कृष्ण के भजनों के माध्यम से बंगाल में एक वैष्णव आन्दोलन ही शुरू कर दिया था।) महाराष्ट्र के सन्त ज्ञानेश्वर, सन्त तुकाराम, सन्त एकनाथ और सन्त नामदेव, कर्नाटक के बसवन्ना और तमिलनाडु के त्यागराज इत्यादि सभी इस आन्दोलन का हिस्सा बनकर अपनी-अपनी भूमिका निभाते रहे और भक्ति का सन्देश फैलाते रहे। कृष्णभक्त शंकर देव देश भर का
Much of the British conquest and expansion before 1857 took place against either benign, or not particularly oppressive, native rulers. The Maratha Peshwas, the Mysore rulers and the chess-playing Nawab of Oudh, to name three, were not accused of misgovernance: they were merely too powerful for colonial comfort or too rich to avoid attracting British avarice. (Indeed there were outstanding examples of good governance in India at the time, notably the Travancore kingdom, which in 1819 became the first government in the world to decree universal, compulsory and free primary education for both boys and girls.)