the four billion people occupying the lowest strata of the economic pyramid, the so-called bottom billion, had lately become a viable economic market. - Peter Diamandis

Quirky, Airbnb, and Uber are great examples of entrepreneurs taking advantage of the expanding scale of exponential impact. They have created billion-dollar companies in record time. They are the absolute inverse of everything we believed was true about scaling up a capital-intensive businesses. For most of the twentieth century, scaling up such businesses required massive investments and time. Adding workforce, constructing buildings, developing vastly new product suites — no wonder implementation strategies stretched years into decades. It wasn't unusual for a board of directors to "bet the company" on a new and extremely expensive direction whose outcome would remain unknown until long after most of those board members retired. That was then.

In 1950 the global world product was roughly four trillion dollars,” he says. “In 2008, fifty-eight years later, it was sixty-one trillion dollars. Where did this fifteenfold increase come from? It came from increased productivity in our factories equipped with automation.

When Nokia's profits hit $1 billion in 2009, the company said that market penetration in Africa was largely responsible.