Having a clear, bold target for the competition is the next important restriction. - Peter Diamandis

Synthetic biology56 is built around the idea that DNA is essentially software — nothing more than a four-letter code arranged in a specific order. Much like with computers, the code drives the machine. In biology, the order of the code governs the cell's manufacturing processes, instructing it to make specific proteins and such. But, as with all software, DNA can be reprogrammed. Nature's original code can be swapped out for new, human-written code. We can co-opt the machinery of life, telling it to produce — well, whatever we can think of.

During the early sixteen hundreds in England, two-thirds of all children died before the age of four, and the resulting life expectancy was only thirty-five years. It was the industrial revolution that started us on our trend toward longevity. A more robust food supply coupled with simple public health measures such as building sewers, collecting garbage, providing clean water, and draining mosquito-infested swamps made a huge difference.

Ray Kurzweil did the math and found that we're going to experience twenty thousand years of technological change over the next one hundred years.