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" "The ultimate goal of the human sciences to be not to constitute, but to dissolve man
Claude Lévi-Strauss (28 November 1908 - 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theory of structuralism and structural anthropology.
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Ebbene non possiamo nasconderci che, nonostante la sua urgente necessità pratica e gli alti fini morali che si attribuisce, la lotta contro le forme di discriminazione partecipa di questo stesso movimento che trascina l'umanità verso una civiltà mondiale, distruttrice di quei vecchi particolarismi ai quali va l'onore di aver creato i valori estetici e spirituali che danno pregio alla vita, e che noi raccogliamo preziosamente nelle biblioteche e nei musei, perché ci sentiamo sempre meno sicuri di essere capaci di produrne altri altrettanto evidenti.
Senza dubbio ci culliamo nel sogno che l'uguaglianza e la fraternità regneranno un giorno fra gli uomini, senza che la loro diversità venga compromessa. Ma se l'umanità non si rassegna a diventare la sterile consumatrice di valori che ha saputo creare nel passato, capace soltanto di dar vita a opere bastarde, a invenzioni rozze e puerili, dovrà imparare di nuovo che ogni vera creazione implica una certa sordità al richiamo di altri valori, arrivando fino al loro rifiuto se non addirittura alla loro negazione. Infatti non ci si può sciogliere nel godimento dell'altro, identificandosi con lui, e nello stesso tempo mantenersi diverso
While I complain of being able to glimpse no more than the shadow of the past, I may be insensitive to reality as it is taking shape at this very moment, since I have not reached the stage of development at which I would be capable of perceiving it. A few hundred years hence, in this same place, another traveller, as despairing as myself, will mourn the disappearance of what I might have seen, but failed to see.
If we judge the achievements of other social groups in relation to the kind of objectives we set ourselves, we have at times to acknowledge their superiority; but in doing so we acquire the right to judge them, and hence to condemn all their other objectives which do not coincide with those we approve of. We implicitly acknowledge that our society with its customs and norms enjoys a privileged position, since an observer belonging to another social group would pass different verdicts on the same examples. This being so, how can the study of anthropology claim to be scientific? To reestablish an objective approach, we must abstain from making judgments of this kind. We must accept the fact that each society has made a certain choice, within the range of existing human possibilities, and that the various choices cannot be compared with each other: they are all equally valid. But in this case a new problem arises; while in the first instance we were in danger of falling into obscurantism, in the form of a blind refusal of everything foreign to us, we now run the risk of accepting a kind of eclecticism which would prevent us denouncing any feature of a given culture — not even cruelty, injustice and poverty, against which the very society suffering these ills may be protesting. And since these abuses also exist in our society, what right have we to combat them at home, if we accept them as inevitable when they occur elsewhere?