Les vertus héroïques sont plutôt estimées par des hommes, alors que les vertus quotidiennes sont le fait autant, sinon plus, de femmes (mais il est v… - Tzvetan Todorov

إن معرفة الأدب ليست غاية لذاتها ،وإنما هي إحدى السبل الأكيدة التي تقود إلى إكتمال كل إنسان

Every individual is multicultural; cultures are not monolithic islands but criss-crossed alluvial plains. Individual identity stems from the encounter of multiple collective identities within one and the same person; each of our various affiliations contributes to the formation of the unique creature that we are. Human beings are not all similar, or entirely different; they are all plural within themselves, and share their constitutive traits with very varied groups, combining them in an individual way. The cohabitation of different types of belonging within each one of us does not in general cause any problems- and this ought , in turn, to arouse admiration: like a juggler, we keep all the balls of our identity in the air at once, with the greatest ease!
Individual identity results from the interweaving of several collective identities; it is not alone in this respect. What is the origin of the culture of a human group? The reply- paradoxically- is that it comes from previous cultures. A new culture arises from the encounter between several smaller cultures, or from the decomposition of a bigger culture, or from interaction with neighboring culture. There is never a human life prior to the advent of culture.

Dans la vie du héros, certaines qualités humaines sont plus prisées que d’autres. La première, peut-être, est la fidélité à un idéal – fidélité que l’on apprécie en elle-même, indépendamment de la nature de cet idéal (c’est pourquoi on peut admirer un ennemi-héros). Le héros est, en ce sens, le contraire du traître : il ne trahit jamais, quelles que soient les circonstances (cela