I will clarify a distinction that I consider fundamental to political ecology. I shall distinguish the environment as commons from the environment as… - Ivan Illich

P24- the power of school loss to divide social reality has no boundaries education becomes unworldly and the world becomes noneducational

Carry a candle in the dark, be a candle in the dark, know that you're a flame in the dark.

The appropriation of the grassland by the lords was challenged, but the more fundamental transformation of grassland (or of roads) from commons to resource has happened, until recently, without being subjected to criticism. The appropriation of the environment by the few was clearly recognized as an intolerable abuse. By contrast, the even more degrading transformation of people into members of an industrial labour force and into consumers was taken, until recently, for granted. For almost a hundred years the majority of political parties has challenged the accumulation of environmental resources in private hands. However, the issue was argued in terms of the private utilization of these resources, not the distinction of commons. Thus anticapitalist politics so far have bolstered the legitimacy of transforming commons into resources.