Le vélo élève la mobilité autogène de l'homme jusqu'à un nouveau degré, au-delà duquel il n'y a plus en théorie de progrès possible. À l'opposé, la c… - Ivan Illich

Electronic management as a political issue can be approached in several ways. I propose, at the beginning of this public consultation, to approach the issue as one of political ecology. Ecology, during the last ten years, has acquired a new meaning. It is still the name for a branch of professional biology, but the term now increasingly serves as the label under which a broad, politically organized general public analyzes and influences technical decisions.

In fact, healthy students often redouble their resistance to teaching as they find themselves more comprehensively manipulated. This resistance is due not to the authoritarian style of a public school or the seductive style of some free schools, but to the fundamental approach common to all schools-the idea that one person's judgment should determine what and when another person must learn.

"A convivial society should be designed to allow all its members the most autonomous action by means of tools least
controlled by others. People feel joy, as opposed to mere pleasure, to the extent that their activities are creative; while the
growth of tools beyond a certain point increases regimentation, dependence, exploitation, and impotence. I use the term
"tool" broadly enough to include not only simple hardware such as drills, pots, syringes, brooms, building elements, or
motors, and not just large machines like cars or power stations; I also include among tools productive institutions such as
factories that produce tangible commodities like corn flakes or electric current, and productive systems for intangible
commodities such as those which produce "education," "health," "knowledge," or "decisions." I use this term because it
allows me to subsume into one category all rationally designed devices, be they artifacts or rules, codes or operators, and to
distinguish all these planned and engineered instrumentalities from other things such as basic food or implements, which in a
given culture are not deemed to be subject to rationalization. School curricula or marriage laws are no less purposely shaped
social devices than road networks. 5"