Clay Shirky uses the term "cognitive surplus" to describe this process. He defines it as "the ability of the world's population to volunteer and to c… - Peter Diamandis

But in dozens and dozens of studies, Latham and Locke found that setting goals increased performance and productivity 11 to 25 percent.5 That's quite a boost. If an eight-hour day is our baseline, that's like getting two extra hours of work simply by building a mental frame (aka a goal) around the activity. But not every goal is the same. "We found that if you want the largest increase in motivation and productivity," says Latham, "then big goals lead to the best outcomes. Big goals significantly outperform small goals, medium-sized goals, and vague goals. It comes down to attention and persistence — which are two of the most important factors in determining performance. Big goals help focus attention, and they make us more persistent. The result is we're much more effective when we work, and much more willing to get up and try again when we fail."

Without a target you'll miss it every time.

We're good at hitting a target if we can measure our progress. We push harder & work faster if there's a leaderboard to gauge our advancement and engage our competitive spirit.

The human brain evolved in an environment that was local and linear. Local, meaning most everything that we interacted with was less than a day's walk away. Linear, meaning the rate of change was exceptionally slow. Your great-great-great-grandfather's life was roughly the same as his great-great-grandson's life. But now we live in a world that is global and exponential. Global, meaning if it happens on the other side of the planet, we hear about it seconds later (and our computers hear about it only milliseconds later). Exponential, meanwhile, refers to today's blitzkrieg speed of development. Forget about the difference between generations, currently mere months can bring a revolution. Yet our brain — which hasn't really had a hardware update in two hundred thousand years — wasn't designed for this scale or speed. And if we struggle to track the growth of singular innovations, we're downright helpless in the face of converging ones. Put it this way, in