This geographic polarization was made possible by the growth of suburbs and the expansion of the highway system, which allowed high-income families t… - Robert D. Putnam

parents in poor neighborhoods are more likely to experience depression, stress, and illness, which in turn “are associated with less warm and consistent parenting.

Stressful conditions from outside school are much more likely to intrude into the classroom in high poverty schools. Every one of ten stressors is two to three times more common in high poverty schools — Student hunger, unstable housing, lack of medical and dental care, caring for family members, immigration issues, community violence and safety issues.

High-quality national surveys of high school seniors confirm that kids from less educated homes are less knowledgeable about and interested in politics, less likely to trust the government, less likely to vote, and much less likely to be civically engaged in local affairs than their counterparts from college-educated homes.